Regarding to phylogenies theory, which alternative is correct:

a) - BPP is a trivial problem that is normally solved with low processing
b) - SPP has the characteristic of find a phylogenies with minimum evolution
c) - The lost or gain of a specific characteristic can happen just once in the evolution
d) - There are two ways to root a tree: by outgroup or by molecular clock
e) - none of the above

Original idea by: Guilherme de Mello Barsoti